It is difficult to understand all the intricacies of the composition and characteristics of engine oil and make a choice relying on them. To do this, you need to have a specialized education and clearly understand what this or that parameter contains, how this or that ingredient works, and what happens in different phases of the engine or gearbox.
To facilitate the selection process and protect motorists from pouring unsuitable compounds into their cars, manufacturers conduct research and create a set of recommendations for each engine/car brand, etc. These recommendations are called tolerances.
Each manufacturer motor oils provides information about the tolerances that a particular product has on the packaging. Data can be trusted because companies can't just print what they need.
To obtain the right to write a particular approval on a bottle sticker, the manufacturer of transmission or motor oil must obtain a certificate from the corresponding automaker. To do this, he pays for the examination of his product and waits until laboratory and bench tests are carried out. An important rule follows from this: if any tolerance is not printed on the label, it simply does not exist. The company will not waste time and money on what it does not use.
VM oil tolerances are based on various international quality standards and company research. You can choose the right product simply by knowing what this or that tolerance means, but it is also interesting and useful to know how the manufacturer justifies its decisions and what it relies on.
The table below shows all the tolerances for VW oils that the company has created and comments on their main properties and scope of application.
| Tolerance | Basic properties, conditions of use |
|---|---|
| VW 500.00 | Used for gasoline engines. Easy flowing oils. Universal from the point of view of seasonal use (SAE indices: 10W-40, 20W-30, 5W-30, 5W-40). They are characterized as energy-saving - the compositions significantly reduce friction between parts, thereby achieving fuel savings. Oils with this approval must comply with the ACEA A3-96 standard. |
| VW 501.01 | Universal oils - suitable for gasoline and diesel engines with direct fuel injection. Complies with ACEA A2 standard. For turbodiesels, you can use products that have both this approval and the VW 505.00 approval. From a seasonality point of view, this engine oil approval applies to seasonal and universal formulations, i.e., the entire spectrum of SAE classification. Before use, you need to check for compatibility with the elastomeric gaskets installed in the motor. |
| VW 502 00 | Applicable for high-power gasoline engines with direct injection. The products comply with the requirements of the A3 ACEA standard. |
| VW 503.00 | All-season compositions for gasoline power units with direct fuel injection. They have reduced high-temperature viscosity, which creates conditions for fuel economy. Complies with ACEA A3 and is applicable only for motors manufactured since 05/01/1999. Not suitable for earlier versions, since low viscosity at high temperatures will lead to increased wear and rapid breakdown of units. |
| VW 503.01 | Applicable to gasoline engines equipped with turbocharging. They have an extended replacement interval. |
| VW 505.00 | For diesel engines of passenger cars, equipped and not equipped with turbocharging. Meets the requirements of the B3 ACEA standard. Versatile in terms of seasonality. Before use, check for compatibility with elastomeric gaskets. |
| VW 505.01 | Composition with viscosity 5W-40 according to SAE. Created for diesel engines equipped with a pump injector (Pumpe-Dmse). |
| VW 506.00 | All-season products for diesel passenger cars whose engines are equipped with turbocharging. They have an extended replacement interval and reduced high-temperature viscosity. ACEA compliant. Applicable only to Volkswagen engines manufactured no earlier than May 1999. |
| 506.01 | For diesel engines with pump injector. Oil with 506.01 approval has an extended drain interval and fully complies with ACEA B4 requirements. In engines of types R5 TDI (2.5 l) and V10 TDI (5 l), it is allowed to use VW oils only with this approval, without alternatives. |
| 507.00 | Motor oils with extended service intervals. Suitable for gasoline and diesel engines, including those equipped with particulate filters. |
Tolerances are often based on international standards - API, ACEA, SAE. They classify oils according to various parameters - temperature viscosity, quality, applicability to cars of a particular year of manufacture. Sometimes a tolerance is an oil specification according to different standards, combined with each other. For example, VW 500.00 combines several SAE standards and the ACEA A3-96 standard.
API (American Petroleum Institute) examines motor oils using dozens of parameters. As a result, recommendations are made regarding the applicability of products to engines of a certain type and year of manufacture. The marking consists of two letters. The first is the engine type (S - gasoline, C - diesel), the second is the year of manufacture of the car.
API will help you more accurately determine which oil is best for your engine if you have several options to choose from.
SAE (Association of American Engineers) classifies oil by its viscosity depending on the ambient temperature in which the engine operates. Therefore, the SAE classification is associated with an indication of the seasonality of use of a particular composition.
During operation in the engine, the temperature can rise to 140-150 degrees. Naturally, under such conditions the liquid changes its properties - it becomes more fluid. The task of researchers when assigning oil to one class or another is to determine at what maximum and minimum temperature the composition will no longer provide normal operating conditions for the engine. This indicator depends on the ambient temperature. This is what is encrypted in the product labeling.
Diagram of oil viscosity according to SAE versus air temperature
Explanation of symbolsSAE
It is important for the manufacturer to know about the fluidity of the oil and the temperature range of its use. Therefore, the assignment of approval is never complete without considering the SAE certificates of the substance.
On car enthusiast forums there are statements that any approval is an analogue of a certain SAE standard. Such opinions are wrong. Automakers make decisions not only based on the oil application temperature range, although this is an important parameter.
ACEA (Association of European Automotive Constructors) is a European organization whose members are all major automakers, including Volkswagen-Audi. ACEA oil specification is its applicability to a car with a certain type of engine and a certain year of manufacture, as in the API. But this standard is more detailed. It divides engines into gasoline, low-power diesel, and diesel for heavy vehicles.
This classification is the basis for creating tolerances. Automakers, based on ACEA requirements, create their own tolerances, tightening one or another standard, narrowing it with the help of SAE.
Automakers do not create tolerances for transmission oils. In this area, everyone relies on the standards that are formulated by two concerns: General Motors and Ford. Below is a table of compliance with the specifications of these companies.
| GM | Ford | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year of implementation | Name | Year of implementation | Name |
| 1999 | Dexron 4 | 1998 | Mercon 5 |
| 1994 | Dexron 3 | 1987 | Mercon (changed 1993) |
| 1991 | Dexron 2 E | 1987 | EAPM - 2C166 - H |
| 1981 | Dexron 2 D | 1975 | SQM 2C9010A, M2C33 G |
| 1973 | Dexron 2C | 1972 | SQM 2C9007A, M2C33 G |
| 1967 | Dexron B | 1967 | M2C33F |
| 1957 | Type A Suffix A | 1961 | M2C33D |
| 1949 | Type A | 1959 | M2C33B |
To obtain one of the modern specifications, the gearbox oil must have the characteristics presented below.
| Characteristic | Dexron II | Dexron III | Allison C-4 | Mercon |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kinematic viscosity, mm2/s. at +40°С | not less than 37.7 | Not standardized, but must be defined and specified for a specific product | ||
| at 100°C | not less than 8.1 | not less than 6.8 | ||
| Brookfield viscosity, mPa/sec. at temperature: -10°С | no more than 800 | - | The temperature at which the indicator is 3500 mPa/sec is indicated. | - |
| at -40°С | no more than 50,000 | no more than 20,000 | no more than 20,000 | |
| at -30°С | no more than 6000 | no more than 5000 | - | |
| at -20°С | no more than 2000 | no more than 1500 | no more than 1500 | |
| Flash point, °C | not lower than 190 | not lower than 179 | not lower than 160 | not lower than 177 |
| Ignition temperature, °C | no higher than 190 | no higher than 185 | no higher than 175 | - |
| Foaming | No foam at +95°C | |||
| Corrosion of copper plate no more than points | 1 | 1 | No blackening with flaking | 1 |
| Corrosion protection | No corrosion on test surfaces | |||
An approval or standard determines the level of quality and/or specificity of the lubricant, the composition of the additive package that will work for the benefit of a certain type of engine that is installed in your car. And this is exactly the information that you and I will look for on a can of oil when choosing it for your car. A car manufacturer's requirements for oil quality can be determined either by its own standards or in accordance with generally accepted international ones.
VW 500.00- energy-saving, all-season motor oils SAE 5W-30, 5W-40, 20W-30 or 10W-40, intended for use in gasoline engines. Basic characteristics meet the requirements of ACEA A3-96.
VW 501.01- universal motor oils for use in gasoline and diesel engines with direct injection. Basic characteristics meet the requirements of ACEA A2 class, use in turbodiesel engines - only in combination with - VW 505.00.
VW 502.00- motor oil for gasoline engines with direct injection and increased efficient power. Basic characteristics meet the requirements of class ACEA A3;
VW 503.00- a new standard for gasoline engines with extended service intervals (WIV: 30,000 km, 2 years, Longlife). Exceeds 502 00 requirements (HTHS 2.9 mPa/s). The oil is intended exclusively for engines produced since May 1999; it is prohibited for use in cars of previous years of production due to reduced high-temperature viscosity, which can lead to engine damage.
VW 503.01- motor oils for loaded gasoline engines with extended service intervals (Longlife), for example, Audi S3, TT (HTHS> 3.5 mPa/s).
VW 504.00- motor oils for gasoline and diesel engines with extended Longlife service intervals, including diesel engines with fine filters without additional fuel additives.
VW 505.00- motor oils for diesel engines of passenger cars with and without turbocharging. Basic characteristics meet the requirements of class ACEA B3. Compatibility testing with elastomeric gaskets must be carried out.
VW 505.01- motor oils with viscosity SAE 5W-40 for diesel engines with pump injectors (Pumpe - Demse).
VW 506.00- motor oils for passenger diesel cars with turbocharging with extended service interval Longlife; Basic characteristics meet the requirements of class ACEA B4. Intended only for engines manufactured since May 1999; It is prohibited to use for cars of previous years of production due to low high-temperature viscosity, which can lead to engine damage.
VW 506.01- motor oil for diesel engines with pump injector with extended service interval Longlife. Basic characteristics comply with ACEA B4 requirements.
VW 507.00- motor oils for gasoline and diesel engines with extended Longlife service intervals, including diesel engines with fine filters without additional fuel additives. Alternatively - 505.00 or 505.01
For diesel engines:
MB 228.1- all-season SHPD motor oils approved for Mercedes-Benz diesel engines. Extended oil change interval for turbocharged engines of trucks; basic requirements comply with the ACEA E2 standard. Compatibility with elastomeric gaskets must be checked.
MB 228.3 - all-season multi-viscosity SHPD motor oils for diesel engines of heavy trucks and tractors with and without turbocharging. Depending on operating conditions and service, the oil change interval can be up to 45,000 - 60,000 km. Basic requirements comply with ACEA E3 standard.
MB 228.31 - motor oils for commercial trucks with diesel engines equipped with particulate filters. Approval requires that the oil meet the API CJ-4 standard, plus such engine oil must additionally pass two tests developed by Mercedes Benz designers: MB OM611 and OM441LA.
MB 228.5 - UHPD (Ultra High Performance Diesel) motor oil for loaded diesel engines of commercial trucks that meet Euro 1 and Euro 2 environmental standards, with an extended oil change interval (up to 45,000 km); for the heavy class, up to 160,000 km is possible (in accordance with the vehicle manufacturer's recommendations). Basic requirements comply with the ACEA B2/E4 standard, as well as ACEA E5.
MB 228.51 - All-season motor oil for heavily loaded diesel engines of commercial trucks that meet Euro 4 requirements, with extended oil change intervals. Basic requirements comply with ACEA E6.
For gasoline engines:
MB 229.1 - motor oils for passenger cars with diesel and gasoline engines produced from 1998 to 2002. The requirements are slightly increased compared to the requirements of the ACEA A3 and B3 standards. Motor oils approved under the MV 229.1 approval are not recommended for use in MV engines after 2002, namely: gasoline M271, M275, M28, as well as diesel OM646, OM647 and OM648.
MB 229.3 - motor oils for passenger cars with extended oil change intervals (up to 30 thousand km, in accordance with the recommendations of the car manufacturer). The requirements are slightly increased in comparison with the requirements of the ACEA A3, B4 standards. Motor oils approved according to MV 229.3 are recommended for gasoline engines of the M100 and M200 series, as well as for diesel engines of the OM600 series (except for models with a particulate filter).
MB 229.31 - motor oils LA (low ash) for engines of passenger cars and minibuses equipped with particulate filters. In particular, recommended for W211 E200 CDI, E220 CDI. Minimum sulphate ash content (up to 0.8%). The approval was introduced in July 2003. On its basis, later, in 2004, the ACEA C3 class was developed.
MB 229.5 - motor oils for passenger cars with extended oil change intervals (up to 30 thousand km, in accordance with the recommendations of the car manufacturer), meeting increased environmental requirements. The requirements are slightly increased in comparison with the requirements of the ACEA A3, B4 standards. Compared to MV 229.3 they provide fuel savings of at least 1.8%. The approval was introduced in the summer of 2002 and is recommended for the following series of MV engines: diesel OM600 (except for models with a particulate filter), petrol M100 and M200.
MB 229.51 - The approval was introduced in 2005 for motor oils that are recommended for use in diesel engines with particulate filters, as well as modern gasoline engines. For motor oils approved under this approval, an increased service interval is provided compared to MV 229.31, amounting to up to 20 thousand km. Basic requirements comply with ACEA A3 B4 and C3.
According to BMW specifications, for cars of the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 6th and 7th series with gasoline engines, only motor oils that have passed a special set of tests and are officially approved by BMW are allowed to be used. For cars of the same series with diesel engines, it is allowed to use universal motor oils that meet the requirements of certain classes according to the ACEA classification (in accordance with the vehicle documentation).
BMW Special Oil- motor oils for BMW gasoline and diesel engines - general classification. Specialty motor oils are motor oils with a high degree of fluidity, usually with SAE viscosities 0W-40, 5W-40 and 10W-40. Each brand of such motor oil is approved for use as a first fill for BMW vehicles solely based on the results of factory tests.
BMW Longlife-98- motor oils for some gasoline engines, starting from 1998. Such motor oils can be used for engines that require maintenance with an extended Longlife service interval. Basic approval requirements are based on ACEA A3/B3 classification. The use of such motor oils in engines of earlier production years, as well as in engines for which the Longlife service interval is not provided, is not recommended.
BMW Longlife-01- motor oils intended for use in some gasoline engines of BMW cars, starting from 09/2001 with an extended Longlife oil change service interval. Basic clearance requirements exceed ACEA A3/B3 classification requirements.
BMW Longlife-01 FE- the same as the previous category, but these motor oils are intended for engines that operate in highly complex conditions and were manufactured after 2001.
BMW Longlife-04- approval was introduced in 2004 for motor oils approved for use in modern BMW car engines. The possibility of using such motor oils in engines manufactured before 2004 is unknown and is therefore not recommended.
Opel does not develop separate engine oil approvals for its different engines; there are only two approvals from Opel - for diesel and gasoline engines. Opel oil approvals begin with the GM-LL coding, after which, by analogy with the ACEA classification until 2004, the letter A or B is placed (A for gasoline engines, B for diesel engines).
GM-LL-A-025- motor oils for gasoline engines of passenger cars. Basic approval requirements comply with ACEA A3 standard.
GM-LL-B-025- motor oils for diesel engines of passenger cars. Basic clearance requirements comply with ACEA B3, B4 standards.
Dexos1- this approval is intended for gasoline engines, and is offered in these types: 0W-20, 5W-20, 0W-30 and 5W-30. Dexos-1 replaces the current GM6094M in the US market.
Dexos2- this tolerance was specially developed due to the popularity of diesel engines in Europe, for the 2010 model year Opels with a GM diesel engine. Oils with Dexos 2 approval have replaced oils with GM-LL-B025 approval, and are produced primarily in the SAE 5W-30 viscosity class. The product belongs to the class of low-ash oils (ACEA C3-08) and has normal HTHS (>3.5).Ford M2C913-A - motor oil, viscosity SAE 5W-30. This approval meets ILSAC GF-2 and ACEA A1-98 and B1-98 and additional Ford requirements.
Ford M2C913-B - approval Ford M2C913-B was released in Europe for the initial filling of the engine with motor oil, applicable for spark ignition gasoline engines and Ford diesel engines. Oils must meet all requirements of ILSAC GF-2 and GF-3, ACEA A1-98 and B1-98 and additional Ford requirements.
Ford M2C913-C - Fully compatible and highly recommended for all engines that use M2C913-B approval. Motor oil that provides fuel efficiency and high stability in operation. Complies with ACEA A5/B5, ILSAC GF-3
Ford M2C917-A - viscosity SAE 5W40. Motor oil for diesel engines with unit injectors from VW.
Ford M2C934-B- Extended approval for diesel engines with diesel particulate filter (DPF). These engines are installed on Land Rover vehicles, the oil complies with ACEA A5/B5 C1.
Ford M2C948-B - This SAE 5W-20 motor oil was developed specifically for Ford EcoBoost engines, providing excellent fuel efficiency while maintaining, and in some cases exceeding, the operational reliability of the WSS-M2C913-C brand. At the same time, oil with this approval is fully compatible with previous engines and is recommended for all gasoline engines for which the use of WSS-M2C913-B, WSS-M2C913-C or WSS-M2C925-B motor oils is prescribed. Lubricants meeting the specifications of WSS-M2C948-B are intended for all routine maintenance, warranty, recall and all other maintenance activities on 3-cylinder 1.0L EcoBoost engines, and are also recommended for all other gasoline engines ( except for engines of Ford Ka, Ford Focus ST and Ford Focus RS models).
RN 0700- motor oil for naturally aspirated gasoline and diesel engines, with increased requirements for compatibility with exhaust gas aftertreatment systems, with the exception of Renault Sport. This standard applies to all Renault diesel vehicles equipped with a 1.5 DCi engine without DPF (diesel particulate filter) up to 100 hp.
RN 0710- motor oil with increased requirements for compatibility with exhaust gas aftertreatment systems, for turbocharged gasoline engines including Renault Sport and diesel engines without a particulate filter from the Renault, Dacia, Samsung group. Except 1.5 DCi engines without DPF (particulate filter) up to 100 hp.
RN 0720- motor oil for new generation diesel engines, with turbocharging and particulate filter. Compliant with ACEA C4 standard + additional Renault requirements.
PSA B71 2290- oils for diesel engines with particulate filters, have a reduced content of sulfated ash, sulfur and phosphorus (MidSAPS/LowSAPS). Compliance with Euro 5 emission standards. General specifications: ACEA C2/C3 + additional tests of the Peugeot - Citroen concern.
PSA B71 2294- general specifications: ACEA A3/B4 and C3 + additional tests of the Peugeot - Citroen concern.
PSA B71 2295- standard for engines manufactured before 1998. General specifications: ACEA A2/B2.
PSA B71 2296- general specifications: ACEA A3/B4 + additional tests of the Peugeot - Citroen concern.
This motor oil classification system was created in 1969 by the American Petroleum Institute - abbreviated API.
In accordance with this classification, motor oils are divided into two types: for gasoline (group S- service) and for diesel engines (group C- commercial) engines. For each of these types, quality classes are provided, which reflect a certain set of properties and characteristics for motor oils of each class.
On the label, information about assigning an API class to the engine oil will look like this: API SL- if the product is intended for use only in gasoline internal combustion engines, API CF- in diesel, or API SL/CF- if possible, be used in both types.
S.A., S.B., SC, SD, SE - outdated classes, oils were used in gasoline engines of models produced in the past era of automotive production.
SF- motor oils for gasoline engines starting from 1980. Outdated class, oils were used in gasoline engines produced in 1980-1989, subject to the recommendations and instructions of the engine manufacturer. They provide enhanced oxidation stability, improved protection against wear of parts, compared to the basic characteristics of SE motor oils, as well as more reliable protection against soot, rust and corrosion. Motor oils of the SF class could be used as substitutes for the previous classes SE, SD or SC.
S.G.- motor oils for gasoline engines starting from 1989. Designed for use in gasoline engines of passenger cars, minibuses and light trucks. Motor oils of this class have properties that provide improved protection against soot, oil oxidation and engine wear, compared to previous classes, and also contain additives that protect against rust and corrosion of internal engine parts. Motor oils of the SG class meet the requirements for motor oils for diesel engines API CC and can be used where classes SF, SE, SF/CC or SE/CC are recommended.
SH- motor oils for gasoline engines starting from 1994. The class was adopted in 1992 for motor oils recommended since 1993. This class is characterized by higher requirements compared to the SG class, and was developed as a substitute for the latter to improve the anti-carbon, antioxidant, anti-wear properties of oils and increased corrosion protection. Motor oils of this class are intended for use in gasoline engines of passenger cars, minibuses and light trucks, in accordance with the recommendations of their manufacturers, and can be used in cases where the car manufacturer recommends class SG or earlier.
S.J.- motor oils for use in gasoline engines starting from 1996. Motor oils of this class are intended for use in gasoline engines of passenger cars and sports cars, minibuses and light trucks, which are maintained in accordance with the requirements of car manufacturers. SJ has the same minimum standards as SH, plus additional requirements for carbon formation and low temperature operation. Engine oils that meet API SJ requirements can be used in cases where the vehicle manufacturer
SL- motor oils for engines of cars manufactured after 2000. In accordance with the requirements of car manufacturers, motor oils of this class are used in multi-valve, turbocharged engines running on lean fuel mixtures that meet modern increased environmental and energy saving requirements. Motor oils that meet API SL requirements can be used in cases where the car manufacturer recommends class SJ or earlier.
S.M.- approved on November 30, 2004. Motor oils for modern gasoline (multi-valve, turbocharged) engines. Compared to the SL class, motor oils that meet API SM requirements must have higher protection against oxidation and premature wear of engine parts. In addition, standards regarding the properties of oil at low temperatures have been raised. Motor oils of this class can be certified according to the ILSAC energy efficiency class. Motor oils that meet the requirements of API SL, SM can be used in cases where the car manufacturer recommends class SJ or earlier.
SN- approved in October 2010. Today, these are the latest (and therefore the most stringent) requirements that apply to manufacturers of motor oils for gasoline engines, implying the possibility of use in all modern generation gasoline engines. Additional requirements - use in engines using biofuels; energy saving; increased requirements for ensuring the wear resistance of internal combustion engines; compatibility with emission control systems; increased requirements for environmental friendliness of exhaust. A distinctive feature of API SN (compared to API SM) is its compatibility with engine sealing elements. Until recently, the API classification did not particularly care about the preservation of oil seals and gaskets. Now everything is different. API SN implies control over engine rubber products.
CA, CB, CC, CD, CD II- outdated classes, oils were used in diesel engines operating at low and medium loads, in agricultural machinery and in two-stroke diesel engines.
SE- motor oils for use in diesel engines starting from 1983. Obsolete class. Motor oils of this class were intended for use in some heavy-duty turbocharged engines, characterized by significantly increased operating compression. The use of such oils was allowed for engines with both low and high shaft speeds. Recommended for low- and high-speed diesel engines manufactured since 1983, which were operated under high load conditions. Subject to the appropriate recommendations from the engine manufacturer, these motor oils could also be used in engines for which CD class motor oils were recommended.
CF- motor oils for diesel engines with indirect injection. The classes were introduced from 1990 to 1994; they describe motor oils recommended for use in diesel engines with indirect injection, as well as other types of diesel engines that operate on fuels of various qualities, including those with a high sulfur content ( for example, more than 0.5% of the total mass). Contains additives that help to more effectively prevent piston deposits, wear and corrosion of copper bearings, which is of great importance for these types of engines, and can be pumped in the usual way, or using a turbocharger or compressor. Motor oils of this class can be used where CD quality class is recommended.
CF-4- motor oils for use in four-stroke diesel engines starting from 1990.
Motor oils of this class can be used in four-stroke diesel engines, the operating conditions of which are associated with high-speed modes. For such conditions, the quality requirements for oils exceed the capabilities of the CE class, so CF-4 motor oils can be used instead of CE class oils (subject to appropriate recommendations from the engine manufacturer). API CF-4 motor oils must contain appropriate additives that provide reduction in oil burnout, as well as protection against carbon deposits in the piston group. The main purpose of motor oils of this class is for use in diesel engines of heavy-duty tractors and other vehicles that are used for long trips on highways. In addition, such motor oils are sometimes assigned a dual API CF-4/S class. In this case, subject to the appropriate recommendations from the engine manufacturer, these motor oils can also be used in gasoline engines.
CF-2 (CF-II)- oils intended for use in two-stroke diesel engines that are operated in harsh conditions. The class was introduced in 1994. Motor oils of this class are usually used in two-stroke diesel engines that operate under heavy load conditions. API CF-2 oils must contain additives that provide increased performance protection against wear of internal engine components such as cylinders and rings. In addition, these motor oils should prevent the accumulation of deposits on the internal surfaces of the engine (improved cleaning function).
Motor oil certified to API CF-2 class has improved properties and can be used instead of earlier similar oils, subject to the manufacturer's recommendation.
CG-4- class introduced in 1995. Motor oils of this class are recommended for four-stroke diesel engines of buses, trucks and tractors of main and non-mainline types, which are operated under high load conditions, as well as high-speed modes. Suitable for engines that use high-quality fuel with a specific sulfur content of no more than 0.05%, as well as for engines for which there are no special requirements for fuel quality (specific sulfur content can reach 0.5%). Motor oils certified to API CG-4 should more effectively prevent wear of internal engine parts, carbon deposits on internal surfaces and pistons, oxidation, foaming, and soot formation (these properties are especially needed for engines of modern long-haul buses and tractors). Created in connection with the approval in the United States of new requirements and standards for ecology and toxicity of exhaust gases (1994 edition). Motor oils of this class can be used in engines for which API CD, API CE and API CF-4 classes are recommended. The main drawback limiting the mass use of motor oils of this class, for example in Eastern Europe and Asia, is the significant dependence of the life of the motor oil on the quality of the fuel used.
CH-4- the class was introduced on December 1, 1998. Motor oils of this class are used in four-stroke diesel engines that operate in high-speed modes and comply with the requirements of exhaust gas toxicity norms and standards adopted in 1998. API CH-4 motor oils meet the fairly stringent requirements of both American and European diesel engine manufacturers. Class requirements are specifically designed for use in engines running on high-quality fuel with a specific sulfur content of up to 0.5%. At the same time, unlike the API CG-4 class, the resource of these motor oils is less sensitive to the use of diesel fuel with a sulfur content of more than 0.5%, which is especially important for the countries of South America, Asia, Africa, and Russia too. API CH-4 engine oils meet increased requirements and must contain additives that more effectively prevent valve wear and the formation of carbon deposits on internal surfaces. Can be used as motor replacements API oils CD, API CE, API CF-4 and API CG-4 as recommended by the engine manufacturer.
CI-4- the class was introduced in 2002. These motor oils are used in modern diesel engines with various types injection and supercharging. Motor oil corresponding to this class must contain appropriate detergent-dispersant additives and, in comparison with the CH-4 class, has increased resistance to thermal oxidation, as well as higher dispersing properties. In addition, such motor oils provide a significant reduction in engine oil waste by reducing volatility and reducing evaporation at operating temperatures up to 370°C, under the influence of gases. The requirements regarding cold pumpability have also been strengthened, the service life of clearances, tolerances and engine seals has been increased by improving the fluidity of the motor oil. The API CI-4 class was introduced in connection with the emergence of new, more stringent environmental and exhaust toxicity requirements that apply to engines manufactured from October 1, 2002.
CI-4 (CI-4 PLUS)- introduced in 2002. For high-speed 4-stroke engines designed to meet the requirements of the 2002 exhaust emission standard. For engines with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). For use with fuels with< 0.5% серы. Обеспечивают оптимальную защиту от высокотемпературных отложений в цилиндро-поршневой группе и низкотемпературных отложений в картере, обладает высокими противокоррозионными характеристиками. Замещает CD,CE,CF-4,CG-4, и GH-4
CJ-4 - introduced in 2006. For high-speed four-stroke engines designed to meet the 2007 highway emissions regulations. CJ-4 oils allow the use of fuels with sulfur content up to 500 ppm (0.05% by weight). CJ-4 oils are recommended for engines equipped with diesel particulate filters and other exhaust gas treatment systems.
Oils with the CJ-4 specification exceed the performance properties of CI-4, CH-4, CG-4, CF-4 and can be used in engines for which oils of these classes are recommended.
European analogue of the American classification API. Association of European Automobile Manufacturers ACEA(Association des Constructeurs Europeens de L'Automobile), represents the interests of 15 European manufacturers of cars, trucks and buses at the EU level. This classification establishes a new, more stringent European classification of motor oils based on performance properties. The modern classification "ACEA 2008" consists of three classes by engine type: A, B And E(gasoline, light diesel and heavy-duty diesel engines, respectively) and class WITH- especially for gasoline and light diesel engines equipped with catalytic aftertreatment systems.
A1/B1 - resistant to mechanical degradation, oils intended for use with extended drain intervals in gasoline and diesel engines of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles, designed for the use of low-viscosity, friction-reducing oils with dynamic viscosity at high temperature and high shear rate (HTHS) 2.6 mPa.s for SAE xW-20 and from 2.9 to 3.5 mPa.s for other viscosity grades. These oils may not be suitable for lubricating some engines. It is necessary to follow the operating instructions and reference books.
A3/B3 - oils resistant to mechanical destruction with high performance properties, intended for use in highly accelerated gasoline and diesel engines of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles and/or for use with extended intervals between oil changes in accordance with the recommendations of engine manufacturers, and/or for all-season use of low-viscosity oils oils, and/or all-season use in particularly difficult operating conditions.
A3/B4 - oils resistant to mechanical destruction with high performance properties, intended for use in highly accelerated gasoline and diesel engines with direct fuel injection, also suitable for use in accordance with specification A3/B3.
A5/B5 - oils resistant to mechanical destruction, intended for use with extended oil change intervals in highly accelerated gasoline and diesel engines of light vehicles, in which it is possible to use low-viscosity oils that reduce friction, with a dynamic viscosity at high temperature and high shear rate (HTHS) of 2, 9 to 3.5 mPa.s. These oils may not be suitable for lubricating some engines. It is necessary to follow the operating instructions and reference books.
C1 - oils resistant to mechanical destruction, compatible with exhaust gas neutralization catalysts, intended for use in highly accelerated gasoline engines and diesel engines of light vehicles, which require the use of low-viscosity oils that reduce friction, low in sulfur, phosphorus and low sulfated ash content (Low SAPS) and dynamic viscosity at high temperature and high shear rate (HTHS) of at least 2.9 mPa.s. These oils extend the life of diesel particulate filters (DPF) and three way catalysts (TWC) and provide fuel economy. Warning: These oils have the lowest sulfated ash content and the lowest phosphorus and sulfur content and may not be suitable for lubricating some engines. It is necessary to follow the operating instructions and reference books.
C2- oils resistant to mechanical destruction, compatible with exhaust gas neutralization catalysts, intended for use in highly accelerated gasoline engines and diesel engines of light vehicles, which require the use of low-viscosity oils that reduce friction, low in sulfur, phosphorus and low sulfated ash content (Low SAPS) and dynamic viscosity at high temperature and high shear rate (HTHS) of at least 2.9 mPa.s. These oils extend the life of diesel particulate filters (DPF) and three way catalysts (TWC) and provide fuel economy. Warning: These oils may not be suitable for lubricating some engines. It is necessary to follow the operating instructions and reference books.
C3- oils resistant to mechanical degradation, compatible with exhaust gas aftertreatment catalysts, intended for use in high-performance gasoline and diesel engines of light vehicles equipped with diesel particulate filters (DPF) and three-way catalysts (TWC), which require the use of oils with dynamic viscosity at high temperatures and high shear rate (HTHS) minimum 3.5 mPa.s. These oils extend the life of diesel particulate filters (DPF) and three way catalysts (TWC). Warning: These oils have the lowest sulfated ash content and the lowest phosphorus and sulfur content and may not be suitable for lubricating some engines. It is necessary to follow the operating instructions and reference books.
C4- oils resistant to mechanical destruction, compatible with exhaust gas neutralization catalysts, intended for use in highly accelerated gasoline and diesel engines of light vehicles equipped with diesel particulate filters (DPF) and three-way catalysts (TWC), which require the use of oils with low sulfur and phosphorus content and low sulfated ash content (Low SAPS) and dynamic viscosity at high temperature and high shear rate (HTHS) of at least 3.5 mPa.s. These oils extend the life of diesel particulate filters (DPF) and three way catalysts (TWC). Warning: These oils have the lowest sulfated ash content and the lowest phosphorus and sulfur content and may not be suitable for lubricating some engines. It is necessary to follow the operating instructions and reference books.
E4 - oils that are resistant to mechanical destruction, providing excellent control over piston cleanliness, reduced wear and soot formation, and stable lubricating properties. Recommended for use in high-speed diesel engines that meet Euro-1, Euro-2, Euro-3, Euro-4 and Euro-5 emission requirements and operate under particularly severe operating conditions, for example, significantly extended oil change intervals in accordance with with the car manufacturer's recommendation. The oils are suitable for engines without particulate filters, as well as for some engines equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system to reduce the level of nitrogen oxides NOx in the exhaust gases. However, recommendations may vary from engine manufacturer to engine manufacturer, so please refer to your owner's manual and consult your dealer for advice.
E6- oils that are resistant to mechanical destruction, providing excellent control over piston cleanliness, reduced wear and soot formation, and stable lubricating properties. Recommended for use in high-speed diesel engines that meet Euro-1, Euro-2, Euro-3, Euro-4 and Euro-5 emission requirements and operate under particularly severe operating conditions, for example, significantly extended oil change intervals in accordance with with the car manufacturer's recommendation. The oils are suitable for engines equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system with or without diesel particulate filters (DPF), as well as for engines with a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system to reduce the level of nitrogen oxides NOx in the exhaust gases. E6 quality is directly recommended for engines with diesel particulate filters (DPF) in combination with low-sulfur diesel fuel. However, recommendations may vary from engine manufacturer to engine manufacturer, so please refer to your owner's manual and consult your dealer for advice.
E7- oils that are resistant to mechanical destruction, providing excellent control over the cleanliness of pistons and the polishing of cylinder walls. The oils also provide excellent protection against wear and soot formation and stable lubrication properties. Recommended for use in high-speed diesel engines that meet Euro-1, Euro-2, Euro-3, Euro-4 and Euro-5 emission requirements and operate under particularly severe operating conditions, for example, significantly extended oil change intervals in accordance with with the car manufacturer's recommendation. The oils are suitable for engines without particulate filters, as well as for some engines equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system to reduce the level of nitrogen oxides NOx in the exhaust gases. However, recommendations may vary from engine manufacturer to engine manufacturer, so please refer to your owner's manual and consult your dealer for advice.
E9- oils that are resistant to mechanical destruction, providing excellent control over piston cleanliness, reduced wear and soot formation, and stable lubricating properties. Recommended for use in high-speed diesel engines that meet Euro-1, Euro-2, Euro-3, Euro-4 and Euro-5 emission requirements and operate under particularly severe operating conditions, for example, significantly extended oil change intervals in accordance with with the car manufacturer's recommendation. The oils are suitable for engines with or without diesel particulate filters (DPF) and for most engines equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system to reduce the level of nitrogen oxides NOx in the exhaust gases. E9 is directly recommended for engines with diesel particulate filters (DPF) and is designed to work in combination with low sulfur diesel fuel. However, recommendations may vary from engine manufacturer to engine manufacturer, so please refer to your owner's manual and consult your dealer for advice.
The American Automobile Manufacturers Association (AAMA) and the Japanese Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) jointly created the International Committee for Standardization and Approval of Motor Oils ILSAC(International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee). On behalf of this committee, quality standards for oils for gasoline engines of passenger cars are issued.
GF-1- outdated. Meets the quality requirements of API SH classification; viscosity grades SAE 0W-XX, SAE 5W-XX, SAE 10W-XX; where XX - 30, 40, 50, 60
GF-2- introduced in 1996. Meets quality requirements according to API SJ classification, viscosity classes: in addition to GF-1 - SAE 0W-20, 5W-20
GF-3- introduced in 2001. Complies with API SL classification. It differs from GF-2 and API SJ by significantly better antioxidant and anti-wear properties, as well as lower volatility. The requirements for ILSAC CF-3 and API SL classes are largely the same, but GF-3 class oils are necessarily energy efficient.
GF-4- introduced in 2004. Complies with API SM classification with mandatory energy-saving properties. SAE viscosity grades 0W-20, 5W-20, 0W-30, 5W-30 and 10W-30. It differs from the GF-3 category in its higher oxidation resistance, improved cleaning properties and less tendency to form deposits. In addition, oils must be compatible with catalytic exhaust gas recovery systems.
GF-5- introduced in the fall of 2010. Meets API SM classification requirements with more stringent requirements for fuel economy, catalytic system compatibility, volatility, detergency, and deposit resistance. New requirements are being introduced to protect turbocharging systems from deposit formation and compatibility with elastomers.
In most developed countries of the world, the generally accepted classification of motor oils by viscosity, established SAE(American Society of Automotive Engineers) in the SAE J-300 DEC 99 standard and put into effect in August 2001. This classification contains 11 classes:
6 winter - 0w, 5w, 10w, 15w, 20w, 25w (w - winter, winter)
5 year olds - 20, 30, 40, 50, 60.
All-season oils have a double designation through a hyphen, with the winter (with index w) class being indicated first, and the summer class second, for example SAE 5w-40, SAE 10w-30, etc. Winter oils are characterized by two maximum dynamic values (unlike kinematic for GOST) viscosity and the lower limit of kinematic viscosity at 100°C. Summer oils are characterized by the limits of kinematic viscosity at 100°C, as well as the minimum value of dynamic high-temperature (at 150°C) viscosity at a shear rate gradient of 106s1.
In both viscosity classifications (GOST, SAE), the smaller the number in the numerator with the index “z” (GOST) or before the letter “w” (SAE), the lower the viscosity of the oil at low temperatures and, accordingly, the easier the cold start of the engine. The larger the number in the denominator (GOST) or after the hyphen (SAE), the greater the viscosity of the oil at high temperatures and the more reliable engine lubrication in the summer heat.
APPROVALS for MAN, Mercedes-Benz (MB), Volvo Truck trucks
MAN In addition to testing API classes, MIL and CCMC specifications, tests are required in the MWM-B engine, and for SHPD oils - in the MAN D 2866 engine. Main specifications:
MAN 269, defines the minimum laboratory and bench testing requirements for conventionally fueled Nuremberg and Brunswick designed diesel engines. The oil quality level complies with the MIL-L-46152A specification and covers SAE 20W-20, 20W-30 and SAE 30 oils, without viscosity index modifiers;
MAN 270, defines the minimum laboratory and bench test requirements for Nuremberg diesel engines with and without turbocharging. The oil quality level meets the requirements of MIL-L-2104C/MIL-L-46152A, ACEA E2, API CD/SE and covers oils of grades SAE 20W-20, 20W-30 and SAE 30, without viscosity index modifiers;
MAN 271, defines the minimum laboratory and bench test requirements for Nuremberg diesel engines with and without turbocharging. The quality level meets the requirements of MIL-L-2104C/MIL-L-46152A, ACEA E2, API CD/SE and covers oils of SAE grades 10W-40, 15W-40 and 20W-50. Oil change intervals - depending on the engine type - from 20,000 to 45,000 km;
MAN 3275(QC 13-017), especially high-quality oils for diesel engines (SHPD). According to the requirements of the MAN instruction M 3275, the quality level of these oils significantly exceeds the quality of oils that meet the MAN 270 and MAN 271 standards. SHPD oils exhibit significantly best properties in terms of piston cleanliness, reduced wear of parts and power reserves in turbocharged engines and are intended for new diesel engines - Euro 1 and Euro 2. These oils can be used without turbocharging. The minimum level of requirements is ACEA E3.
MAN 3277, new specification for diesel engine oils dated 09/18/96. Complies with the requirements of MV 228.5. The goal is to achieve an oil change after 80,000 km, under mainline conditions, or 45,000-60,000 km in the absence of a special intermediate oil filter. The minimum level of requirements is higher than ACEA E3.
MAN 3271, a specification specifying the requirements for motor oils for gas engines. The minimum level of requirements is API CD, CE/SF, SG. Oils must meet the passing parameters of the OM364A motor test according to ACEA. Oil change interval is up to 30,000 km.
Mercedes-Benz (MB)
This company has published its “Regulations on the materials used” (Betriebsstoffvorschriften). These materials include motor oils, transmission oils, greases, etc. Approved motor oils must meet the requirements of the specifications (called sheets - German Blatt, English Sheet) and are included in the lists approved for use.
Existing Specifications:
MV Sheet 226.0/1, seasonal/all-season motor oils for diesel engines of passenger cars and for diesel engines of older vehicles without supercharging; short oil change interval; the oil must comply with CCMS PD1; compatibility with elastomeric gaskets is additionally checked;
MV Sheet 226.5, all-season motor oils for gasoline engines and diesel engines according to sheet 226.1;
MV Sheet 227.0/1, seasonal/all-season motor oils for all diesel engines; extended oil change intervals for diesel engines of older non-turbocharged vehicles; basic requirements - ACEA E1-96;
MV Sheet 227.5., the requirements are the same as in sheet 227.1, but the oils can also be used in gasoline engines; compatibility with elastomeric gaskets has been tested;
MV Sheet 228.0/1, seasonal/all-season SHPD motor oils for all Mercedes-Benz diesel engines. The oil change interval for turbocharged truck engines has been extended; basic requirements - ACEA E2; compatibility with elastomeric gaskets must be checked;
MV Sheet 228.2/3, seasonal/all-season SHPD motor oils for diesel engines, as in sheet 228.1. In addition, the oil change interval has been extended; applies to diesel engines of trucks manufactured after September 1988; basic requirements - ACEA E3, additional requirements - tests carried out in Mercedes-Benz engines and long-term road tests; compatibility with elastomeric gaskets must be checked;
MV Sheet 228.5, came into force in 1996. EHPD oils for Euro 2 and Euro 3 engines with turbocharging and direct fuel injection; basic requirements - ACEA E4;
MV Sheet 229.1, includes requirements for oils for gasoline and diesel engines of passenger cars manufactured before September 1999, intended for gasoline engines of the BR 100 series and diesel engines of the BR 600 series, basic requirements - ACEA A2 or A3 plus B2 or B3; viscosities SAE XW-30 and SAE 0W-40 for ACEA A3 plus B3;
MV Sheet 229.3., includes requirements for oils for new gasoline and diesel engines of passenger cars manufactured since October 1999.
Volvo Truck
VDS(Volvo Drain Specification), a specification for extended drain intervals for motor oils used in turbocharged diesel engines.
Basic requirements:
- viscosity SAE 15W-40 or 10W-30;
- quality not lower than API CD;
Additional requirements:
- when tested on a Ford Tornado engine (CEC-L-27-T-29), the maximum permissible degree of cylinder polishing is no more than 25% of the reference oil RL 47.
Road tests:
Three Volvo trucks with 12-liter Euro-1 engines are used for road testing (VDS Field Test). The test run distance is at least 300,000 km, with oil change intervals every 50,000 km. During the entire test it is not allowed:
- sticking of piston rings;
- increase in the wear rate of parts;
- increased oil consumption;
- increasing the degree of polishing of the cylinders;
- an increase in the amount of deposits compared to normal replacement intervals.
Specification for motor oils used in all Euro-2 diesel engines of Volvo trucks that meet the 1996 European emissions requirements.
Basic requirements:
- SAE viscosity 5W-30, 5W-40, 10W-30, 10W-40 or 15W-40 (other viscosities require additional agreement with Volvo Truck Corporation);
- quality not lower than ACEA E1-96;
Road tests:
To conduct road tests (VDS-2 Field Trial), three Volvo trucks with 12-liter TD 123 or D12 engines are used. The test run distance is at least 300,000 km, with oil change intervals every 60,000 km. Oil and fuel consumption are monitored throughout the test and oil samples are taken at 15,000, 30,000, 45,000 and 60,000 km throughout the change intervals. Based on the results of laboratory tests of oil samples, the following is not allowed:
and also the content of metal wear particles and additive elements is monitored.
At the end of the run, the engine condition is assessed and the following parameters are limited:
- cleanliness of the pistons (CEC MO2 A78);
- wear of piston rings;
- degree of polishing of the cylinder walls;
- radial stroke of the valve;
- wear and corrosion of bearings.
If all specification requirements are met, after agreement with Volvo Truck Corporation, the oil supplier has the right to present the product as “VDS-2 Oil”.
VDS-3, specification for oils used in all Euro-3 Volvo Truck engines.
Collective approval 502.00/505.00(1) consists of two parts, we will consider each separately.
Approval VW 502.00 - for oil intended only for gasoline engines. It exceeds the level of requirements imposed by the VW 501.01 and VW 500.00 tolerances and, according to Volkswagen regulations, oils with a higher tolerance can be confidently used where oils with a lower one were used. Recommended for engines operating in harsh conditions and under increased loads. Not recommended for engines with irregular or extended drain intervals. Meets ACEA A3 requirements.
VW 505.00 - approval of diesel motor oils with SAE viscosity (5W-50, 10W-50, 10W-60, 15W-40, 5W-30, 5W-40, 10W-30, 10W-40). Suitable for passenger diesel cars (both with and without turbocharging) - models no later than August 1999. Meets ACEA B3 requirements.
Development of VW 505.00 - approval of VW 505.01 - special 5W-40 oils for engines with pump injector, V8 Commonrail turbodiesel engine systems. Replacement interval is standard. Complies with ACEA B4 class.
| Shell Helix HX7 10W-40 | in stock | |
| in stock | ||
| in stock | ||
| in stock | ||
| in stock | ||
| in stock | ||
| Shell Helix Ultra 0W-40 | in stock | |
| Shell Helix Ultra 0W-30 | in stock | |
| Valvoline Durablend MXL 5W-40 | in stock | |
| Valvoline MaxLife 5W-40 | in stock | |
| Valvoline Durablend Diesel 5W-40 | in stock | |
| Valvoline SynPower 0W-40 | in stock | |
| Valvoline SynPower 5W-40 | in stock | |
| Valvoline SynPower 5W-30 | in stock | |
| Mobil Super 3000 Diesel 5W-40 | ||
| Mobil 1 ESP Formula 5W-30 | ||
| Mobil 1 0W-40 | ||
| Castrol Magnatec A3/B4 R 10W-40 | ||
| Castrol Magnatec A3/B4 5W-40 | ||
| Castrol Magnatec Diesel DPF 5W-40 | ||
